Sacred Texts Australia Index Previous
The Native Tribes of North Central Australia, by Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen [1899], at sacred-texts.com
(Unclear:) The letter n indicates footnote.
A
AEMOARA, name of native drink made from Hakea flowers, 185
relationship of, established during the Engwura, 322
ceremony of releasing from ban of silence, 380
Address, terms of, Mr. McLennan's views with regard to those of Australian natives, 56 et seq.
certain terms used by Arunta natives, 56–59, 248, 260
Adze, 591
Alailinga, name given to certain clouds, and to the knocking out of teeth, 451
Alcheringa, meaning of the term, 73 n
ancestors, 119
periods of, 387
early traditions of, 388
middle, 394
later, 418
individuals, three forms of, 515
Alatunja, head of local group, powers of, 9 and n, 159 et seq.
position hereditary, 10
taking charge of sacred storehouse, 153
taking the lead during ceremony of Intichiuma, 168
inheritance of, 190
Ambilyerikirra, ceremony of, 364
Amera, spear thrower, 582
Ampurtanurra, series of ceremonies concerned with Achilpa totem, 406
Ancestors of Arunta tribe, 119
Apmara, nature and use of, 172
Apulla, ground on which circumcision is performed, 220
Arachitta poles, during circumcision, 239
Ariltha, or sub-incision, 251 et seq. 463
performed by one woman on another, 432. See also Initiation
Arri-inkuma, noise made by shouting and moving the hand in front of the mouth, 413 n
Arumburinga, a spirit issuing from a Nanja, 513
spirit doubles of living men and women, 513–515
Arungquiltha, meaning of the term, 548 and n. See also Magic
Arunta tribe, as an example of ordinary life of natives, 8
social organisation of, 70
marriage system of, 70
relationship terms, 71–73
marriage not restricted by totem, 73
lending of wives, 74
genealogical tree, 80
ceremonies attending marriage, 92–95
license at corrobborees, 96 et seq.
totemic system of, 114 et seq., 202
initiation ceremonies, 213 et seq.
Atnongara, stones carried by medicine men, 525
Atnuta, name given to limp dead body, 237
Avenging party, 461, 477
Axes, various types of native, 588–592
B
Betrothal, 558
Bingongina tribe, ceremony attendant on marriage in, 95
Birds, associated with totems, 448 et seq.
spirit of slain man in form of, 494
medicine man assuming form of, in the Mungabera tribe, 533
Blandowski, his account of tooth-knocking out, 453
Blindness caused by magic, 552
Blood, pouring out on the ground during emu ceremony, 179
sprinkling over stone during Unjiamba Intichiuma ceremony, 184
used during ceremonies, 201, 204, 284, 462
taken to women's camp after circumcision, 251
after circumcision at Charlotte Waters, 265
drinking, 341
decorating the Kauaua with, 370
women drawing and forming clay-pan, 433
given to old men, 438, 461
Achilpa man drowning men in, 438
customs concerned with, 460 et seq.
drinking when starting on an avenging party, 461
drinking at reconciliation meeting, 462
after performance of Ariltha on women, 463
given to strengthen men and women when ill, 464
used in the making of medicine men, 526
Bones, pieces of, sucked out of a sick man's body by the medicine man, 531
of dead men used for magic in the Kaitish, Iliaura, and Warramunga tribes, 553
Boomerangs, throwing, 21
legs in shape of, 44
description of various, 593–602
Breasts, promoting growth of, 459
Brother, elder, disposing of women in the Urabunna tribe, 63
younger inheriting the Churinga of an elder sister, 89
Bull-roarer, sound of the, believed to be the voice of a spirit, 246 n
during the Engwura, 344, 347
two distinct types of in Australia, 634. See also Churinga
Burial of Churinga unchima with the natives at death, 156
customs concerned with, 497 et seq.
Bush, the, meaning of the Australian term, 97 n
Byrne, Mr. P. M., his account of the Kurdaitcha, 477 n
C
Camp, native, 18, 19
Cannibalism, wild dog men feeding on wild dog men and women, 434
in the Alcheringa, 473–475
Capture, marriage by, 103, 104
of wives, 554–557
Carving, general absence of, 568
Ceremonial objects, 624 et seq.
Ceremonies, sacred, concerned with totems, and performed at Lartna, 229, et seq.
Okoara during circumcision, 231
boy embracing waninga, 234
head biting, 251
performed at Engwura, 271, et seq.
sacred, associated with special spots, 278
Iruntarinia, 294, 515
Ambilyerikirra, 364
releasing Abmoara from ban of silence, 380
teeth-knocking out, 450
nose boring, 459
concerned with blood, etc., 460
dislocating the toe of a Kurdaitcha man, 478
promising unborn child as wife, 560
Ininja, 484
sun totem, 562
Changes introduced by men of ability, 12
by old men, 272
traditions with regard to influence of old men in introducing, 421
Chaurilia, given by newly-initiated men to officials of ceremony, 257
Chilara, head band used for magic, 542
decoration of, 572
Child-birth, customs at, 466
Children, peculiarity in the naming of, 57 n
counting descent of, if Arunta man goes into Urabunna tribe, or vice versa, 68
Erathipa stone, 336
Chimbaliri, sacred stick of the Urabunna tribe, 158
Chimurilya, chaplet of bones worn by widow, 503
Churinga, 119, 123, 128
history of the, 128–166
dropped by spirit-child when entering woman, 132
dwelling place of spirit part of individual, 135
remarkable custom connected with a stone, 135 n
ideas now associated with, 137
Churinga, name never mentioned in the hearing of strangers, 139
meaning of designs on, 145
designs of, different from those of natives of east and west, 151
absence of stone ones in Southern Arunta, 152
ownership of, 152
of extinct local group taken care of by other men, 153
inheritance of, 154–156
one man owning those of various totems, 155
of other forms than that of bull-roarer, 156
unchima of udnirringita totem, 172
lending and borrowing of, 158, et seq.
Ilpintira of emu totem, 179
kangaroo tail at Undiara, 197
carried by Ertwakurka after sub-incision, 257
disposal of during the Engwura, 277
examination of, 287, 324
handed over to a man by a group which has had charge of them, 302
of rat totem to increase growth of beard, 329, 545
old man killing Oruncha with, 447
carried by Alcheringa individuals, 513
Namatwinna used for obtaining wife, 541
of Amunga or fly totem used to cure eyes, 546
Ilkinia, designs of totems, 614, 631–633
Cicatrices, 41, 42
Circles, designs of concentric, 633
Circumcision, amongst Finke natives, 218
by means of fire stick, 222
introduction of, by means of stone knives, 394
Class names introduced by Ullakupera men, 396, 421
changed by women, 433
Class, sub-class, etc. See Organisation.
Class system, the present one introduced by men of emu totem, 420, 422
Clothing of women, 27
of men, 30
general description of, 570
Clubs, fighting, 602
Collins, Lieut.-Col., his account of ceremony of tooth-knocking out, 454
Colour of natives, 37
Cooking, methods of, 21–24
Corrobborees, license at, 96
handing on of, 281 n
decorations during, 618
Councils of elder men, 15, 272
Counting, limited power of amongst the natives, 25
Cowle, Mr. C. E., on tracking power of natives, 24, 25
reference as to use of Tchintu, 540
Curr, Mr. E. M., on the power which enforces custom, 15
on the “terrible rite,” 263
Customs, changes in, 12, 15
variations in, amongst different tribes, 34, et seq.
rudimentary, 105
ancient, preserved in sacred rites, 394, 401 n
Cutting, by women after circumcision ceremony, 257
D
Davis, Mr. J. M., on capture of women, 103
Dead, not mentioning the name of, 498
Death never supposed to be due to natural causes, 48, 536
after being pointed at with charmed stick, 533
after being injured by charmed spear, 537
Decoration, materials used for, 378, 570
during corrobborees, 618
during sacred ceremonies, 624. See also Engwura
Degeneration, lack of evidence of, 54
Descent, counting of, 34, 36 n
in the maternal line in the Urabunna tribe, 60, 61
how counted, if an Arunta native goes into the Urabunna tribe, and vice versa, 68
in the paternal line in the Arunta tribe, etc., 70
Designs of Churinga, different from those of natives in the east and west, 151
Dieri tribe, resemblance to the Urabunna, 64
Dingo, the only animal domesticated by the natives, 18 n
Dogs, wild, 434
Iruntarinia, 524
barking of, will cause Atnongara stones to leave body of medicine man, 525
Drink, Abmoara made from Hakea flower, 185
ilpirla made from honey-ant, 438
E
Earth, ceremony of handing, to man who is to perform circumcision, 231
Eating, the totem, ceremony of, amongst the Udnirringita, 203
kangaroo, 204
Irriakura, 205
Idnimita, 205
bandicoot, 205
Plum-tree men eating plums, 320
Echidna, tradition concerning, 398
Eclipses, 566
Elder men, influence of, 10, 12
council of, at Engwura, 272
Elopement, 542, 543, 556, 558
Emily Gap, traditions associated with, 424
Emu, mode of killing the, 20
totem group, 179
Intichiuma ceremony of, 179
on the eating of the eggs of the, 202 n
Erliunpa, place of origin of, 437
emaciated, associated with magic, 548 n
feather chignon, 573
Engwura, ceremonies of, 118, 271 et seq., 323 et seq.
control of, 280
Erathipa stone, 336
Erkincha disease, traditions concerning, 168, 169, 443
Ertnatulunga, 133–135
women not allowed to go near to, 134
a primitive “house of refuge,” 135
showing it to young men, 139, 140
contents of one belonging to the honey ant totem, 141
Evening Star, legend of, at Alice Springs, 360
Eylmann, Dr. E., notes on sacred Churinga, 631
F
Fight, description of, after elopement, 556
assistance given by particular men, 557
Fire, kangaroo containing it in its body, 208
special one during ceremonies, 239
putting the Arachitta poles through, at circumcision, 244, 246
setting fire to the bough brakes used at circumcision, 244
song during circumcision, 244, 246
Fire, placing of newly-initiated man on by women, 259
throwing over the Illpongwurra by women during the Engwura, 350
throwing over women by the Illpongwurra during the Engwura, 365
ordeal passed through by Illpongwurra, 380
totem, tradition of, 445
origin of, 446
method of making, 582, 584
Fire stick, circumcision by means of, 222
presentation of, to novice, 250
retention of, after introduction of stone knife, 401 n
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Dieri tribe, 109
Flint, sharp piece of, used in the rite of circumcision, 263
cutting instrument, 591
Fly totem, Churinga used to cure bad eyes, 546
Food, of natives, 21
ceremonies to increase supply of, 169
restrictions during Intichiuma, 171
restrictions in case of Arakurta, 256
given by newly initiated man to officials of ceremony, 269
gift of, to old man to persuade him to show ceremony, 347
restrictions in regard to young people, etc., 467, 473
sent to newly-made medicine man by female relatives, 529
Foreskin, eaten by younger brother amongst Finke natives, 251
buried after circumcision at Charlotte Waters, 268
Frazer, Mr., his definition of a totem, 210, 211
Frog totem, special ceremony of, 344
G
Game, hunting, 19–21
Gason, Mr. S., certain customs of the Dieri tribe, Appendix B, 641, 642
Genealogical tree, of Urabunna tribe, 66
of Arunta tribe, 80
Gesture language, 500
Ghost, idea of, amongst the Arunta tribe, 498, 514
Gibber plains, 2
meaning of the term, 2
Glossary of Native Terms, 645
Grave, heaping of the earth on one side of, 497
Grey, Sir G., on the Kobong of certain tribes, 112
on restrictions on eating totem, 206
on origin of totemic names in certain tribes, 209
on food restrictions, 467
Group, marriage, 56
modified form of, in Urabunna tribe, 64
relationship terms, 60 et seq.
H
Haddon, Professor A. C., design on New Guinea shields, etc., 634
Hair, method of treatment of, 40
pulling out of, on upper lip in Warramunga tribe, 40
girdle laid beside boy at sub-incision to prevent flow of blood, 268
customs concerned with, 465
of dead man used for magic, 538
distribution of girdle, etc., of dead man, 539
use of Churinga to promote growth of, 545
fragment of, not used to harm individual from whom it comes, 559
Hakea flower totem. See Unjiamba
Honey ant totem, the, 186
drink made from honey ants, 438
Horn, or trumpet, used for charming women, 545
Howitt, Mr. A. W., on Dieri tribe, 64
showing the Tundun to the novices in the Kurnai tribe, 137
sound of the bull-roarer, believed to be the voice of Tundun, 246
on property in stone, 590 and n
Hunting, methods of, 19–21
I
Ilchinkinja, name of messenger sent out to summon to the Engwura, 275
Iliaura tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90
ceremony attendant upon marriage in, 95
bones of dead men used for magic, 553
Ililika, knout used for magic purposes, 540
Ilkinia, totem design, 175
sacred drawing of the Oruncha, 529
Illapurinja, avenging woman, 485–489
Illpongwurra, name given to men passing through the Engwura, 322
sent out into the bush, 347
lying down by the Parra, 351
throwing fire over women, 365
fire ordeal, 372
painting totemic designs on the back of, 376–378
put on the fire by the women, 380
Ilpintira, design of emu totem drawn on the ground, 179
Ilpirla, manna totem, Intichiuma ceremony of, 185
drink made from honey ants, 438
Ilpirra tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90
marriage in, ceremonies attendant upon, 92
Churinga of, 157
initiation ceremonies of, 213
magic amongst, 553, 554
Imitnia, opossum fur string band for the head, 539
Implements, used by women, 26
general remarks on, 567 et seq.
account of various, 604 et seq.
Ininja ceremony, 434
Inapertwa, transformed into men and women, 389, 445
Infanticide, 51, 264
Ingwalara, name of medicine man in Southern Arunta tribe, 523
Initiation ceremonies of women, 92–94
of men, 212, 386
throwing boys up, 214
amongst the Finke River natives, 219
handing earth to man who is to perform circumcision, 231
use of Waninga during ceremonies, 231
sub-incision, 231, 263
men lying on top of novice, 236
head-biting, 251
ceremonies amongst Northern Arunta tribe, 260
in Southern Arunta, 265
ceremony concerning women, 457–460
Injilla, a pointing stick, 534
Inkulta, head ornaments, 573
Inpirta, name given to widow in Arunta tribe, 500
Interlinia, native name for emu feather shoes worn by the Kurdaitcha, 477
Intichiuma ceremonies, 11, 169
of Udnirringita totem, 170
of Erlia totem, 179
of Unjiamba totem, 184
of Ilpirla totem, 185
Intichiuma ceremonies—
of Yarumpa totem, 186
of Quatcha totem, 189, 199
of Okira totem, 199
meaning of, 202
performed in Alcheringa by Udniringita men, 428
Inwurra, name given to messengers, 159, 160, 162, 164–166
Irna, a pointing stick, 534
Irriakura totem, ceremony of eating, 205
Iruntarinia, spirits, presenting ceremonies to men, 294, 517, 519
habits of, 513
making medicine men, 524
particular individuals who can see and communicate with them, 515
J
Jealousy, sexual feeling of, 99, 100
Jus primae noctis, 102
K
Kaitish tribe, table of relationship terms, 79
marriage and descent in, 90
ceremonies attendant upon marriage, 94
marriage customs amongst, 107
Churinga and sacred objects of the, 157
Churinga used for magic, 546
bones of dead men used for magic, 553
head ornament of women, 574
stone knives of, 593
Kangaroo totem, 193
stone at Undiara represents spot where kangaroo died in Alcheringa, 194
animal chased by kangaroo men, 199
Intichiuma ceremony of, 199–201
wanderings of ancestors of totem, 390
Kauaua, sacred pole, cutting down of, 364
decoration of, 370
description and significance of, 629
Kirra-urkna, girdle made of dead man's hair, 539
Kulchia, arm bands, 539
Kurdaitcha, custom of, 476
L
Lartna, ceremony of circumcision, 218
Lizard, supposed to reside in body of medicine man, and to give him power of suction, 531.
See also Traditions
Local groups, names of, divisions of 8–10
areas of country occupied by, 9
distribution of totemic groups, 120–127
Locality relationship, 14, 303, 544
Lonka-lonka, shell ornament, used for charming, 545, 573
Love charms, or whirler to attract women, 541
use of by women, 548
Lubras, Mr. J. M. Davis on the capture of, 103
Luritcha tribe, table of relationship terms, 77, 78
ceremonies attendant upon marriage in, 95
Churinga of, 157
M
Magellanic clouds, idea of, 566
Magic, native dread of, 48
belief that other individuals can work evil, 130
associated with Erathipa stone, 336
counteracting influence of, 531
various forms of, 534 et seq.
Marilla, design of the Oruncha drawn on the medicine man, 529
McLennan, Mr. J. F., on terms of relationship, 56
on the right of captors, 103
Marriage, in the Urabunna tribe, 63 et seq.
in the Arunta tribe, 73–76
not restricted by totem in the Arunta, 73
system in the Ilpirra tribe, 92
ceremonies attendant upon, in the Ilpirra and Arunta tribes, 92, 93
in the Kaitish, 94
in the Warramunga, 95
in the Luritcha and the Iliaura, 95
in the Waagai, 95
in the Bingongina, Iliaura, and Walpari, 119
by capture, 103, 104
discussion concerning customs, 106 et seq.
of Urabunna tribe, 108
absence of reference to restrictions in the early traditions, 393
Marriage, tradition concerning the introduction of the present system, 422
See also Group marriage
Measurements of natives, 37, 644
Medicine man, accompanying Kurdaitcha, 478
made by Iruntarinia, 523
made by Oruncha, 525
made by other medicine men, 526
drawing design of Oruncha on, 529
determining who has killed a man, 532, 533
Menstruation, customs concerned with the first period of, 460
Message stick, nature and use of, 141
no true one amongst the Arunta tribe, 142
Messengers, 159
lending of women in connection with the sending of messengers, 97
sent to summon to the Engwura, 274
Moon, myths regarding, 562
regarded as male, 564
Morality of the natives, 46
Morton, Mr. A., on sub-incision in the West Australian tribes, 263 n
Mother-in-law, 559
Mourning, customs and ceremonies concerned with, 497–511
Mulyanuka, name applied by one moiety of the Arunta tribe to the other, 70
Mushrooms, supposed to be fallen stars, 566
Musical instruments, 604
N
Nakrakia, name applied by the members of one moiety of a tribe to the one to which they belong, 71
Namatwinna, a small Churinga used for charming women, 541. See also Magic
Names of local divisions, 8–10
personal ones used by natives, 139
secret or sacred ones, 139
Ambaquerka, given to child, 218
Wurtja, given to boy after painting him, 221
Urliara, given to man after the Engwura ceremony, 271
given to novice at Charlotte Waters, 248
Arakurta given after circumcision, 249
Ertwa-kurka, given to initiated man, 256
indicating different grades of initiation, 260
of individuals, Appendix A, 637
Nanja, tree or rock, 124, 513
relation between it and individual, 132
Natives, disposition of, 32
personal appearance, 37
general description of, in the Arunta tribe, 39 et seq.
Nose, boring septum, 459
bones called Lalkira, 574
Nung-gara, name of medicine man on Finke River, 523
Nurtunja, sacred poles, etc., 122, 227, 298–300
embracing during ceremony of sub-incision, 254
fresh one made for each ceremony, 345, 346
ceremony in connection with, 360–364
general description of, 627
O
Ochre, red, used for rubbing Churinga, 144
deposits of, associated with woman's blood, 442, 464
use of, 568
Okalparra, cave where medicine men are made, 524
Okinchalanina, fur string necklet used by women for magic, 548
Oknanikilla, local totem centre, 123
Oknirabata, name given to famous old men, 187, 447
Old men, traditions with regard to influence of, in introducing changes, 421
Organisation of Urabunna tribe, 59
of Arunta, 70
summary of conditions concerning the Arunta, 421 et seq.
Ornaments, personal, 571
Oruncha, or “devil man,” 326
ceremonies concerned with, 329
making medicine men, 525
Orunchertwa, or “devil men,” 447
Orunchilcha, devil's hand, drawn on medicine man, 529
Ownership of land by local groups, 14
in Alcheringa tradition, 431 n
P
Paintings, native, on rocks, 614, 618
Parra, a special mound on the Engwura ground, 281
Illpongwurra lying down by, 351
Piraungaru, accessory wives in the Urabunna tribe, 109. See also Group marriage
Pitchis, 19, 26, 27
description of, 607
Pituri plant, used for stupefying emus, 20
Pleiades, supposed to be women, 566
Pointing sticks and bones, 498, 528, 530
pressed under nail when making medicine man, 528
as magic, pointed at an individual with the idea of injuring him, 534
majority of deaths attributed to poisoned ones, 536
Pole, sacred, 364, 629. See also Kauaua and Nurtunja
Pregnancy, food restrictions, 471, 473
“Primitive,” difficulty in applying the term to native tribes, 36
Promiscuity, discussion concerning, 96
Property, local group owning quarry, 590
Q
Quabara, term for sacred ceremony in Arunta tribe, 118. See Ceremonies
Quatcha, water totem, Intichiuma ceremony of, 189
Quiurnpa, Ulpmerka of, ceremony concerned with, 312
tradition concerning, 314
rock paintings at, 632
See also Engwura traditions
R
Railtchawa, name of medicine man in the Northern Arunta tribe, 523
Rain totem. See Quatcha
making, 189
Red ochre, use of, 30
See Ochre, Therapeutics
Reincarnation, idea of, amongst Arunta tribe, 123, 124, 126, 127
Relationship, terms of, Mr. McLennan's views with regard to, 56
remarks on, 56–58
in Urabunna tribe, 65–69
natives acquainted with, 67
ascertaining relationship of man of another tribe, 67, 68
terms in Arunta tribe, 75–79
group relationship recognised in Arunta tribe, 73–75
tables of, in Arunta, 76
Relationship, Luritcha, 77
Kaitish, 79
Warramunga, 80
relationship of Mura tualcha, 88, 558
of Unjipinna, 560
Restrictions applying to individuals after circumcision, 250
See also Food, Marriage
Rock paintings, 614, 631
Roth, Mr. W. E., on certain individual terms of relationship amongst Queensland natives, 59, 87
on initiation rites of Queensland natives, 152
tooth-knocking out not an initiation ceremony in Queensland tribes, 214
women decorated as if to fight during circumcision, 220
burning of the brake of boughs used during circumcision, 244
initiation ceremonies of women, 267
on the meaning of sub-incision, 263
handing on of corrobborees, 281
on introcision, 460
medicine men, 532
use of bull-roarers for charming women, 541
system of bartering and trading, 575
S
Scars on the bodies of men and women, 41, 42
Sexual jealousy, absence of, among the natives, 99
exercise of magic on the sexual organs by women, 547
Shields, description of, 586
Silence, ban of, removal of by performance of ceremony, 260, 383
Sisters, different treatment of according to whether elder or younger in the Arunta tribe, 88, 89
Smell, projecting into food, 469
Smoke signals, 16
Singing the ground, 284
Snake of Imyunga, the, 444
Social organisation. See Organisation
Spears, description of, 575
making and use of miniature one for magic, 550
charming, 537
Spear-throwers, description of, 578
Spindle, 613
Spiral design, 633
Spirit, associated with Churinga, 123
with Nanja, 124
Spirit, child choosing mother, 125
of living man called Yenka, of dead man Ulthana, 168
of kangaroo animals driven out of stone at Intichiuma ceremony, 200
Twanyirika taking boy away at circumcision, 222, 246
precautions taken against that of man killed by avenging party, 494
of dead man during mourning ceremony, 510
individuals, 513, 514
making medicine men, 523
pointing sticks of, 531. See also Iruntarinia
Spittle, on tips of fingers used for magic, 552
Star, evening, myth concerning the, 565
Steppes, 1
Sterility, prevalence of, 52 n
Sticks, flaked, called Inkulta, worn in hair, 573
pointing. See Pointing sticks and Magic
Stirling, Dr. E. C., description of Undiara (Antiarra), 193 n
reference to poison stones of Kaitish tribe, 546, 547
on the large knives of the natives, 593
Stone, used at Ilyaba, the Nanja of an Alcheringa man, 188
at Undiara, the Nanja of a kangaroo, 199
Erathipa, traditions concerned with, 334 et seq.
Atnongara stones in body of medicine man, 525
given to man to eat when making medicine men, 528
Aperta tukira, representing boils at Undiara, 550
representing emaciated emu, 551
into which evening star is supposed to descend, 565
weapons, 588
on property in, 590
Stone knives, introduction of use of during circumcision, 224, 403, 421
various kinds of, 592–594
Sub-incision, ceremony of, 251 et seq.
performed a second time, 251
remarks on, 263
introduction by Achilpa, 402
Sun, regarded as female, 561
ceremony concerned with, 562
heat of, in Tchintu, a magic implement, 541
T
Tchintu, magic implement of Wyingurri tribe, 540
Teeth, knocking out not an initiation ceremony in the central tribes, 213
ceremony concerned with knocking out of, 118 n, 450
placed in a man by an Ulthana, 515
Terms, relationship, table of in Arunta, 76
Luritcha, 77
Kaitish, 79
Warramunga, 80. See Relationship, terms of
Thanunda, the name given to the platform on which Churinga are stored during the Engwura, 277
Therapeutics, easing wound made by sub-incision, by sitting over fire, 256
blood drinking and rubbing with, 463
fat and red ochre used, 464
eating of ertoacha, part of reproductive organs of opossum, 465
lonka-lonka laid on ill person, 545
Time, words expressing, 25
Thunthunie, name of totem amongst Urabunna, 114
Tongue, cutting hole in medicine man's, 523, 529
Totem, local distribution of groups, 8–10, 121, 126
no obligation for men of same totem to assist one another in the Arunta tribe, etc., 34, 557
regulating marriage in Urabunna tribe, 59, 60
not restricting marriage in Arunta tribe, etc., 73, 121
general account of, 112
predominance of one moiety of the tribe in each, 120, 125
method of acquiring totemic name in Arunta tribe, 124
description of Churinga belonging to particular ones, 142
extinction of local group, 152
eating of, 168, 197, 467
no restriction with regard to the eating of, in the Alcheringa, 207
Intichiuma ceremonies of, 168
kangaroo design at Undiara, 194
kangaroo man afflicted with boils at Undiara, 196
killed by wild dogs, 197
design of Udnirringita, 170
of emu, 179
Totem, wild cat, special restrictions with regard to eating, 168
relationship between the, and the individual, 196, 197
Euro man changing himself into a kangaroo to pursue a kangaroo, 209
changing, 209, 401, 443
design painted on back of novice during circumcision ceremony, 240
an account of ceremonies, 278 et seq.
plum-tree man eating plums, 320
designs painted on backs of Illpongwurra, 376
in respect to marriage during Alcheringa, 418. See also Ceremonies, Engwura, Intichiuma
Tracking powers, 24, 25
Traditions, kangaroo man afflicted with boils at Undiara, 196
killed by wild dogs, 197
concerning Ulpmerka of Quiurnpa, 288
Erathipa stone, 336, 338
general account of, 387 et seq.
Ungambikula, 390
Ulpmerka, 392, 394
Lizard men killing Oruncha, 391
Ullakupera men and circumcision by means of stone knives, 395
Inarlinga or Echidna man, 396
Achilpa, first group, 402
Achilpa, second group, 405
Achilpa, third group, 410
Achilpa, fourth group, 415
emu men introducing present class system, 420, 422
Udnirringita totem, 423
wanderings of three women, 432
wild dog men, 434
two Unjiamba women, 436
emu men, 437
honey ants, 438
lizard men, 439
dancing women, 441
Erkincha, 443
snake of Imyunga, 444
fire totem, 445
origin of fire, 446
Oruncha and the old man, 447
birds associated with totems, 447
Tree, at Ilyaba, the Nanja of an Alcheringa man, 187
where a blind man died associated with magic, 552
Tribe, Arunta, divided into two moieties, 70
Tualcha, use and meaning of term, 87
Tundun, the bull-roarer of the Kurnai tribe, 137
Twins, regarded as something unnatural, 52
U
Ullinka, pointing stick used by Iruntarinia, 519, 532
Ulpmerka men, tradition of, 392, 394
Ulthana, spirit of dead man following his killers in the form of a bird, 494
Ultunda, names of stones in medicine man's body amongst Finke natives, 526 et seq.
Umbana, special construction of boughs called wurley, used during Udnirringita Intichiuma ceremony, 176
Umbilical cord, making necklace out of, 467
Undiara, description of ceremonies performed at, and traditions as sociated with, 193 et seq.
Ungambikula, transforming Inapertwa into men and women, 390
Ungutnika, history of, 196
Unjiamba, traditions regarding the origin of, 122
Intichiuma ceremony of, 184
Unjipinna, relationship of, 559
Unthippa, dancing women, 220
tradition of, 441
Urabunna tribe, organisation of, 59
descent counted in maternal line, 60
marriage restrictions, 61
Piraungaru women, 62
wives allotted by elder brothers, 63
modified form of group marriage in, 64
relationship terms, 65 et seq.
genealogical tree, 66, 67
custom of women accompanying messengers, 97
marriage, 108
sacred stick, use of, 158
Wilyaru ceremony. See Appendix B, 640
Urliara, name given to man after Engwura ceremony, 271
Urpmilchima, ceremony at grave, 503 et seq.
Urumpilla. See Engwura
W
Waagai tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90
ceremonies attendant upon marriage in, 95
Churinga and sacred objects of, 157, 158
Walpari tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 91
ceremonies attendant upon marriage in, 95
Wallet, carried by men, 29, 283, 611
Waninga, a ceremonial object, 231–234, 306–310, 627
Warramunga tribe, table of relationship terms in the, 79
ceremonies attendant upon marriage, 95
sacred objects of, 157
mourning of widows, 500 n
bones of dead men used for magic, 553
head ornaments of women, 572
stone knives of, 594
Water supply of natives, 6, 7
Water totem. See Quatcha
Weapons, 28
description of, 574 et seq.
Westermarck, Mr. E., on promiscuity, &c., 100–102, 110
White men, how regarded by the natives, 50
Widow, mourning of, 500
ban of silence and removal of, 501
relationship to younger brother of husband, 502
Wilyaru of Urabunna tribe, Appendix B, 640
Wives, no man exclusive right to in the Urabunna tribe, 62
allotted by elder brothers in the Urabunna tribe, 63
restriction of in Arunta tribe, 73
lending of in Arunta tribe, 74
lending of, 106, 108
lending during initiation ceremonies, 267
man presents food to certain members of the side of the tribe to which his wife belongs, 469
procuring by magic, 541
methods of obtaining, 554 et seq.
Wizard. See Medicine man, 532
Women, initiation ceremony of, 92, 93 n
accompanying messengers, 97
capture of, 103
of the Unjiamba totem taking sacred pole away from Undiara, 195
possessed of greater powers than at present, 195, 196
painted with totemic designs during the Intichiuma ceremony, 176
Women standing at their camp during the Intichiuma ceremony of the honey-ant totem, 186
dancing at the ceremony of circumcision, 220, 267
carrying off the novice during the ceremony of circumcision, 238
rubbing the design from the novice's back during the ceremony of circumcision, 244
stripping the Arachitta poles, 244
presenting of initiated man to, 258
placing initiated man on fire, 259
initiation ceremonies of, 269
ceremony concerned with two Alcheringa women, 286
throwing fire during the Engwura, 350
seeing the Ambilyerikirra, 367, 369
putting the Illpongwurra on the fire, 372, 380
corrobborees, 381
intercourse with, in the Alcheringa, 407, 416
wanderings of, 432, 436
performing ariltha, 432
carrying boys on their shoulders before circumcision, 443
ceremony of knocking out of tooth, 452
ceremony for the promoting of the growth of breasts, 459
ceremony after shedding blood in the presence of, 463
Illapurinja ceremony, 485
offered to avenging party, 491
capture by avenging party, 492, 495
custom at death of husband, 500 et seq.
medicine women, 526
using magic upon, 541–543
represented by hole in ground, 550 n
Wultha-chelpima, ceremony of lying on novice, 236
Wurtja, name given to novice after painting at circumcision, 221
Y
Yam sticks, greased by mother during ceremony of circumcision, 250
Yarumpa, honey-ant, Intichiuma ceremony of, 186