Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge, by R.A. Torrey, [ca. 1880], at sacred-texts.com
Exodus Chapter 28
Overview
Exo 28:1, Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office; Exo 28:2, Holy garments are appointed; Exo 28:6, The ephod and girdle; Exo 28:15, The breast-plate with twelve precious stones; Exo 28:30, The Urim and Thummim; Exo 28:31, The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells; Exo 28:36, The plate of the mitre; Exo 28:39, The embroidered coat; Exo 28:40, The garments for Aaron's sons.
take: Lev 8:2; Num 16:9-11, Num 17:2-9; Ch2 26:18-21; Heb 5:1-5
among: Exo 28:41, Exo 29:1, Exo 29:9, Exo 29:44, Exo 30:30, Exo 31:10, Exo 35:19; Num 18:7; Deu 10:6; Ch1 6:10; Ch2 11:14; Luk 1:8
Nadab: Exo 6:23, Exo 24:1, Exo 24:9; Lev 10:1, Lev 10:12; Num 2:4, Num 26:61; Ch1 24:1-4
holy garments: Exo 29:5-9, Exo 29:29, Exo 29:30, Exo 31:10, Exo 39:1, Exo 39:2, Exo 40:13; Lev 8:7-9, Lev 8:30; Num 20:26-28; Psa 132:9, Psa 132:16; Isa 61:3, Isa 61:10, Isa 64:6; Zac 3:3, Zac 3:4; Rom 3:22, Rom 13:14; Gal 3:27; Heb 7:26; Rev 19:8
glory: Exo 28:40, Exo 19:5, Exo 19:6; Num 27:20, Num 27:21; Job 40:10; Psa 90:16, Psa 90:17, Psa 96:6, Psa 149:4; Isa 4:2; Jer 9:23, Jer 9:24; Joh 1:14; Co1 1:30, Co1 1:31; Heb 2:9; Pe2 1:17; Jo1 3:2; Rev 5:10, Rev 19:8
wise hearted: Exo 31:3-6, Exo 35:30, Exo 35:35, Exo 36:1, Exo 36:2; Pro 2:6; Isa 28:24-26
filled: Deu 34:9; Isa 11:2; Co1 12:7-11; Eph 1:17; Jam 1:17
a breastplate: Choshen, in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob. Exo 28:15, Exo 39:8-21; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14; Th1 5:8; Rev 9:17
ephod: The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves. Exo 28:6-14, Exo 39:2-5, Exo 39:21, Exo 39:22; Lev 8:7, Lev 8:8; Sa1 2:18, Sa1 22:18, Sa1 23:6, Sa1 30:7; Sa2 6:14
a robe: The word meil, from âlah, to ascend, go up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout. Exo 28:31-34, Exo 39:25, Exo 39:26
broidered: Exo 28:29, Exo 28:40; Lev 8:7
a girdle: Isa 11:5
gold: Exo 25:3, Exo 25:4, Exo 39:2, Exo 39:3
linen: Exo 26:1
curious: or, embroidered, Exo 28:27, Exo 28:28, Exo 29:5, Exo 39:20, Exo 39:21; Lev 8:7; Isa 11:5; Pe1 1:13; Rev 1:13
onyx: Exo 28:20, Exo 39:13; Gen 2:12; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13
grave: Exo 28:36, Exo 39:6; Ch2 2:7; Sol 8:6; Isa 49:16
according to their birth: Exo 1:1-4; Gen 43:33
engravings of a signet: Exo 28:21, Exo 28:36; Jer 22:24; Zac 3:9; Eph 1:13, Eph 4:30; Ti2 2:19; Rev 7:2
ouches of gold: Exo 28:13, Exo 28:14, Exo 28:25, Exo 39:6, Exo 39:13, Exo 39:18
the shoulders: Exo 28:7; Psa 89:19; Isa 9:6, Isa 12:2; Zac 6:13, Zac 6:14; Heb 7:25-28
Aaron shall bear: Exo 28:29, Exo 39:6, Exo 39:7
for a memorial: Exo 12:14, Exo 13:9, Exo 39:7; Gen 9:12-17; Lev 24:7; Num 16:40, Num 31:54; Jos 4:7; Isa 62:6; Zac 6:14; Luk 1:54, Luk 1:72; Act 10:4
chains of: Exo 28:24, Exo 39:15
of wreathen: Exo 28:22-25, Exo 39:17, Exo 39:18; Kg1 7:17; Kg2 25:17; Ch2 4:12, Ch2 4:13
the breastplate: Exo 28:4, Exo 28:30, Exo 39:8; Lev 8:8
thou shalt: Exo 28:9, Exo 28:11, Exo 39:10-21; Mal 3:17
set in it settings of stones: Heb. fill in its fillings of stone
the first row: Eze 28:13; Rev 21:19-21
a sardius: or, ruby, The Hebrew odem, from adam, to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as adam does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple. Job 28:18; Pro 3:15, Pro 8:11, Pro 20:15, Pro 31:10; Lam 4:7
a topaz: Pitdah, is constantly rendered by the LXX τοπαζιον, and Vulgate, topazius, with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour. Job 28:19; Rev 21:20
a carbuncle: Bareketh, from barak, to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet. Isa 54:11, Isa 54:12
emerald: Nophech, an emerald, the same with the ancient smaragdus; one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture. Exo 39:11; Eze 27:16
sapphire: Exo 24:10; Job 28:6, Job 28:16; Sol 5:14; Eze 1:26, Eze 10:1; Rev 4:3
a ligure: Exo 39:12
an agate: Isa 54:12
a beryl: Eze 1:16, Eze 10:9; Dan 10:6; Rev 21:20
an onyx: Exo 28:9
a jasper: Rev 4:3, Rev 21:11, Rev 21:18-20
enclosings: Heb. fillings, Exo 28:13
twelve: Exo 28:9-11
according to the twelve: Kg1 18:31; Luk 22:30; Jam 1:1; Rev 7:4-8, Rev 21:12
wreathen chains: Exo 28:14, Exo 39:15
on the shoulder pieces: Exo 28:7
of the ephod: Exo 39:4
the curious girdle: Exo 28:8
a lace: Exo 28:31, Exo 28:37, Exo 39:30, Exo 39:31; Num 15:38
upon: Exo 28:12; Jer 30:21; Rom 10:1
a: Sol 8:6; Isa 49:15, Isa 49:16
the Urim and Thummim, את אורים ואת התמים the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX δηλωσιϚ και αληθεια, manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, doctrina et veritas, doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed:
1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exo 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones.
2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned. Lev 8:8; Num 27:21; Deu 33:8; Jdg 1:1, Jdg 20:18, Jdg 20:23, Jdg 20:27, Jdg 20:28; Sa1 23:9-12; Sa1 28:6, Sa1 30:7, Sa1 30:8; Ezr 2:63; Neh 7:65
bear the judgment: Zac 6:13
upon his heart: Co2 6:11, Co2 6:12, Co2 7:3, Co2 12:15; Phi 1:7, Phi 1:8; Heb 2:17, Heb 4:15, Heb 9:12, Heb 9:24
Exo 28:4, Exo 28:28, Exo 39:22; Lev 8:7
as it were: Exo 39:28; Ch2 26:14; Neh 4:16; Job 41:26
that it be not rent: Joh 19:23, Joh 19:24; Eph 4:3-16
And: Exo 39:24-26
hem: or, skirts
pomegranates: Kg1 7:18; Kg2 25:17
bells: Zac 14:20
Psa 89:15; Sol 2:3, Sol 4:3, Sol 4:13, Sol 6:7, Sol 6:11, Sol 8:2; Joh 15:4-8, Joh 15:16; Col 1:5, Col 1:6, Col 1:10
a plate of pure gold: The word tzitz, which we translate a plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX πεταλον, a leaf, and is called nezer, a crown in Exo 29:6 and διαδημα, a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, 28:24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower which the Greeks call κυανος. It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers.
grave upon it: Exo 28:9, Exo 28:11
HOLINESS: Exo 39:30; Lev 8:9, Lev 10:3, Lev 19:2; Psa 93:5; Eze 43:12; Zac 14:20; Heb 7:26; Heb 12:14; Pe1 1:15, Pe1 1:16, Pe1 2:9; Rev 21:27
blue: Exo 28:28, Exo 28:31; Num 15:38
the mitre it: Exo 28:4, Exo 29:6, Exo 39:30, Exo 39:31; Lev 8:9; Zac 3:5
bear the iniquity: Exo 28:43; Lev 10:17, Lev 22:9; Num 18:1; Isa 53:6, Isa 53:11, Isa 53:12; Eze 4:4-6; Joh 1:29; Co2 5:21; Heb 9:28; Pe1 2:24, Pe1 3:18
accepted: Lev 1:4, Lev 22:27, Lev 23:11; Isa 56:7, Isa 60:7; Eph 1:6; Pe1 2:5
embroider: Exo 28:4
the girdle: Exo 28:8
needlework: Psa 45:14
Aaron's: Exo 28:4, Exo 39:27, Exo 39:29, Exo 39:41; Lev 8:13; Eze 44:17, Eze 44:18
bonnets: Exo 29:9
glory: Exo 28:2; Ti1 2:9, Ti1 2:10, Ti1 6:9-11; Tit 2:7, Tit 2:10; Pe1 3:3, Pe1 3:4, Pe1 5:5
anoint them: Exo 29:7, Exo 30:23-30, Exo 40:15; Lev 10:7; Isa 10:27, Isa 61:1; Joh 3:34; Co2 1:21, Co2 1:22; Jo1 2:20, Jo1 2:27
and consecrate them: Heb. fill their hand, Exo 29:9, Exo 29:24, Exo 29:35; Lev. 8:1-36; Num 3:3; Eze 43:26; Heb 5:4, Heb 7:28
breeches: Exo 20:26, Exo 39:28; Lev 6:10, Lev 16:4; Eze 44:18; Rev 3:18
their nakedness: Heb. flesh of their nakedness
reach: Heb. be.
unto the altar: Exo 20:26
bear not iniquity: Lev 5:1, Lev 5:17, Lev 20:19, Lev 20:20, Lev 22:9; Num 9:13, Num 18:22; Mat 22:12, Mat 22:13