Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent, [1886], at sacred-texts.com
Matthew Chapter 19
Coasts (ὅρια)
Better Rev., borders; though it is easy to see how the translation coasts arose, coast being derived from the Latin costa, a side, and hence a border generally, though now applied to the sea-side only.
Tempting
See on Mat 6:13.
For every cause
The temptation turned upon the dispute dividing the two great Rabbinical schools, the one of which (that of Hillel) held that a man might divorce his wife for any reason which rendered her distasteful to him; and the other (that of Shammai) that divorce was allowable only in case of unchastity. The querists would be anxious to know which side Jesus espoused.
Shall cleave (κολληθήσεται)
Lit., shall be glued.
Shall be one flesh (ἔσονται εἰς σάρκα μίαν)
Lit., "into one flesh;" Wyc., two in one flesh.
What (ὃ)
Not those. Christ is contemplating, not the individuals, but the unity which God cemented; and so Wyc., that thing that God enjoined; i.e., knit together. The aorist tense (denoting the occurrence of an event at some past time, considered as a momentary act) seems to refer to the original ordinance of God at the creation (Mat 19:4).
Writing (βιβλίον)
Rev., bill. The word is a diminutive of βίβλος, which originally means the inner bark of the papyrus, used for writing, then a book or roll of this bark; hence a paper, bill.
Because of (πρὸς)
Rev., for: having regard to.
It was not so (οὐ γέγονεν οὕτως)
The A. V. is commonly understood to mean, it was not so in the beginning. But that is not Christ's meaning. The verb is in the perfect tense (denoting the continuance of past action or its results down to the present). He means: Notwithstanding Moses' permission, the case has not been so from the beginning until now. The original ordinance has never been abrogated nor superseded, but continues in force.
Except for fornication (μὴ ἐπὶ πορνείᾳ)
Lit., not on account of fornication.
The case (αἰτία)
Not the relation of the man to his wife, nor the circumstances, the state of the case. Αἰτία refers to cause (Mat 19:3), and the meaning is, if the matter stands thus with reference to the cause which the man must have for putting away his wife.
Suffer (ἄφετε)
Lit., leave alone. Compare Mar 14:6; Mar 15:36; Luk 13:8. Sir J. Cheke: Let these children alone.
Why callest thou me good? (τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν)
But the true reading is, τί με ἐρωτᾷς περὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ; Why askest thou me concerning the good ?
There is none good but one, that is God (οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ Θεός)
But the reading is, εἷς ἐστὶν ὁ ἀγαθός, One there is who is good. The saying of Christ appears especially appropriate in the light of the Rabbinic apothegm, "There is nothing else that is good but the law."
Camel - through a needle's eye (κάμηλον διά τρύπηματος ῥαφίδος)
See on Mar 10:25; and Luk 18:25. Compare the Jewish proverb, that a man did not even in his dreams see an elephant pass through the eye of a needle. The reason why the camel was substituted for the elephant was because the proverb was from the Babylonian Talmud, and in Babylon the elephant was common, while in Palestine it was unknown. The Koran has the same figure: "The impious shall find the gates of heaven shut; nor shall he enter there till a camel shall pass through the eye of a needle." Bo-chart, in his history of the animals of scripture, cites a Talmudic passage: "A needle's eye is not too narrow for two friends, nor is the world wide enough for two enemies." The allusion is not to be explained by reference to a narrow gate called a needle's eye.
This (τοῦτο)
Not the salvation of rich men, but salvation in general. It is in answer to the question, who can be saved ? Man cannot save himself nor his fellow. God only can save him.
We
Emphatic, in contrast with the young ruler.
Have followed
"Peter had said together the words we have left, we have followed. Jesus replies to them separately; for the latter was peculiar to the apostles, the former common to them with others" (Bengel).
In the regeneration
The final restitution of all things. To be construed with ye shall sit.
Shall sit (καθίσῃ)
Or shall have taken his seat, which brings out more vividly the solemn inauguration of Christ's judgment.
Every one (πᾶς)
Compare Ti2 4:8, "to all them that love his appearing." "Not only apostles, nor ought Peter to have inquired only concerning them" (Bengel). The promise hitherto restricted to the apostles now becomes general.
A hundred-fold (ἑκατονταπλασίονα)
But many very high authorities read πολλαπλασίονα, manifold. So Rev. in margin. Compare Mar 10:30, where there is added "houses and brethren," etc. Also the Arabic proverb: "Purchase the next world with this; so shalt thou win both."