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1. Now, therefore, the penances (will be described).
2. The murderer of a learned Brâhmana (shall practise the following vow) during twelve years: 2
3. Carrying a skull (instead of a dish) and the foot of a bedstead (instead of a staff), dressed in the hide of an ass, staying in the forest, making a dead man's skull his flag, he shall cause a hut to be built in a burial-ground and reside there; going to seven houses in order to beg food, while proclaiming his deed, he shall support life with what (he gets there), and shall fast if he obtains nothing;
4. Or he may offer a horse-sacrifice, a Gosava, or an Agnishtut 4
5. Or he may bathe (with the priests) on the completion of a horse-sacrifice (offered by somebody else). 5
6. Now they quote also (the following verses): 'He who unintentionally slays a Brâhmana becomes sinful according to the sacred law. The sages declare that he may be purified (if he did it) unintentionally. But no expiation is found for a wilful murderer.' 6
7. He who has raised his hand (against a Brâhmana), shall perform a Krikkhra penance, an Atikrikkhra penance if he strikes, a Krikkhra and a Kândrâyana if blood flows. Therefore let him neither raise his hand nor cause blood to flow.' 7
8. (For killing) a Kshatriya (he shall keep the normal vow of continence) during nine years, 8
9. (For killing) a Vaisya during three (years),
10. (For killing) a Sûdra during one year,
11. Likewise for killing a woman. 11
12. (The penance for killing) a woman who has bathed after temporary uncleanness (is) the same (as that) for (the murder of) a Brâhmana. 12
13. He who has defiled the bed of a Guru shall place himself on a heated iron bed, 13
14. Or embrace a red hot image (of a woman),
15. Or cutting off his organ together with the testicles and holding them in his joined hands, he shall walk towards the south-west until he falls down (dead).
16. A thief shall go to the king with flying hair, carrying on his shoulder a club of Sindhraka wood (and say), 'Strike me with that.' (Then the king) shall strike him. 16
17. Now they quote also (the following verses): 'A thief shall go to the king carrying a club on his shoulder (and say to him), 'Punish me with that, O king, remembering the duty of Kshatriyas.' 17
'Whether he be punished or be pardoned, the thief is freed from his guilt. But if the king does not punish him, that guilt of the thief falls on him.'
18. If he has drunk (the spirituous liquor called) Surâ, he shall scald himself to death with hot (liquor of the) same (kind). 18
19. For unintentionally drinking (Surâ), he shall perform Krikkhra penances during three months and be initiated again, 19
20. And (on this second initiation) the cutting (of 20
the hair and nails), the vows, and (the observance of the) restrictive rules may be omitted.
21. Now they quote also (the following verses): 'A Brâhmana, Kshatriya, or Vaisya who has unintentionally drunk (the spirituous liquor called) Vârunî or has swallowed urine or faeces must be initiated a second time.' 21
22. 'But he who drinks water which has stood in a vessel, used for keeping Surâ, shall live six days on milk in which (leaves of) the Saṅkhapushpî plant have been boiled.' 22
23. If (a pupil) who is employed by his teacher (on some errand) meets with his death, (the teacher) shall perform three Krikkhra penances. 23
24. The same (penance) is prescribed for not finishing (the education of the pupil). 24
25. If a student assists at the burial of anybody except (at that of his) mother, of his father, or of his teacher, he must begin his vow afresh. 25
26. If a (student) is sick, he may, at his pleasure, eat all the fragments of his teacher's meal as medicine. 26
27. He may physic himself with any (medicine) which he may desire. 27
28. When he is unable to move, he may worship the sun, after he has risen, reciting this (Rik verse): A swan, dwelling in purity.' 28
29. When he has spent his manly strength in the day-time, let him thrice drink water that reaches his heart, reciting the verses which contain the word retas. 29
30. A student who approaches a woman (is called) an Avakîrnin, 30
31. Let him offer an ass (in the place of) a sacrificial animal.
32. The sacrificial meat-cake (purodâsa shall be offered) to Nirriti, or to the Râkshasas, or to Yama.
33. It is declared in the Veda, 'The piece to be eaten by the sacrificer (prâsitra, shall be taken) from the organ (of the animal); and the (other) portions shall be offered in water.' 33
34. 'Or he may also heap (fuel) on the fire in the night of the new moon, perform the preparatory rites required for the Darvîhoma, and offer two 34
oblations of clarified butter (reciting these two sacred texts): "O Lust, I have broken my vow; my vow have I broken, O Lust; to Lust Svâhâ;" "O Lust, I have done evil; evil have I done, O Lust; to Lust Svâhâ."'
35. 'After he has made the offering, he shall address the fire, closely joining his hands, turning sideways (with the following texts): "May the Maruts grant me, may Indra, may Brihaspati, may this fire grant me long life and strength, may it make me long-lived! "'
36. Now the relatives shall empty (the water-pot) of a (grievous offender) at a (solemn) meeting (and he shall confess), 'I N. N. am (the perpetrator of) such and such (a deed).' After (the outcast) has performed (his penance) the Brâhmanas shall ask him who has touched water, milk, clarified butter, honey, and salt, 'Hast thou performed (thy penance)?' The other (person) shall answer, 'Om' (yes)! They shall admit him who has performed (a penance) to all sacrificial rites, making no difference (between him and others). 36
37. If he unintentionally marries a female who belongs to his own family (gotra), he shall support her, (treating her) like his mother. 37
38. If (such a woman) has borne a child; he shall perform Krikkhra penances during three months and offer (two burnt oblations reciting) the two (Mantras), 'That which is the blemish of my soul' (and) 'Fire restored my sight.' 38
39. 'An elder brother whose younger brother marries first, the younger brother who marries first, the damsel wedded (by the latter), he who gives her away, and fifthly, he who sacrifices for them (at the wedding), all sink to a region of torment.' 39
40. The unmarried elder brother and the married younger brother, the giver (of the maiden) and the performer of the sacrifices become pure by undergoing a Krikkhra penance of twelve days, the female (who has been wedded to the younger brother) by (fasting during) three days.' 40
211:2-3. 1. Gautama XXII, 4-6; Vishnu L, I-3, 15. The expression 'staying in the forest' means that the sinner shall not stop in the village or the fields during the day-time, but live in some uncultivated tract in the neighbourhood.
211:4 Gautama XIX, 9-10. The Gosava sacrifice is an Ekâha see Kâtyâyana Srauta Sûtra XXII, 11, 3.
212:5 Gautama XXII, 9.
212:6 Manu XI, 90.
212:7 Yâgñavalkya III, 293. Regarding the penances named, see Vasishtha XXI, 20, XXIV, 1-2, XXIII, 45, and below, II, 1, 2, 38, IV, 5, 6.
212:8-10. Vasishtha XX, 31-33. The words 'shall keep the normal vow of continence' have been inserted in accordance with Govinda's explanation, which apparently is based on Gautama XXII, 14. But it is also possible that Baudhâyana, like Vishnu (L, 15) and others, may have intended murderers of Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, &c., too, to perform the penance prescribed above, Sûtra 4, only for shorter periods.
212:11 Gautama XXII, 17. Govinda is of opinion that the word ka, 'likewise,' is intended to include 'worthless' Kshatriyas and Vaisyas.
212:12 Vasishtha XX, 34-35.
213:13-15. Gautama XXIII, 8-10; Vasishtha XX, 13, 14.
213:16 Vasishtha XX, 41. 'A thief,' i.e. one who has stolen gold from a Brâhmana.
213:17 Âpastamba I, 9, 25, 4-5.
213:18 Vasishtha XX, 22. Surâ, i.e. the spirituous liquor extracted from rice, to drink which is considered a particularly heinous crime. Vasishtha XX, 19, and loc. cit.
213:19 Vasishtha XX, 19.
213:20 Vishnu LI, 5. The vows and restrictive rules, i.e. the Sâvitrya vow, begging, &c.
214:21 Vishnu LI, 2-4.
214:22 Vishnu LI, 23.
214:23 Vasishtha XXIII, 10.
214:24 'Finishing (the education of the pupil, samskritam), i.e. teaching him the rules of purification, of conduct, and so forth; failing (to do) that (is called) not finishing (the education of the pupil). For that (omission) the same (penance), i.e. three Krikkhras (are to be) performed.'--Govinda.
214:25 Vasishtha XXIII; 7-8. 'Assists at a burial (savakarma), i.e. lays out a corpse, and so forth (alamkaranâdi), or carries it out, and so forth.'--Govinda.
214:26 Vasishtha XXIII, 9, and note.
214:27 'The meaning is that he may cure himself even with such p. 215 (substances) which are forbidden even to his teacher, e.g. garlic, and so forth.' For a Smriti declares,' He shall protect himself by every means.'--Govinda.
215:28 'Unable to move,' i.e. sick. This is a penance to be performed by a sick. student when he is unable to fulfil the rules enjoining the morning and evening prayers, and the like; and it applies to other men also because there is no objection. Regarding the Mantra, see Taittirîya Samhitâ I, 8, 15, 2.
215:29 The rule refers to intercourse with a wife in the day-time; see Vishnu LIII, 4. The Retasyâs occur Taittirîya Âranyaka I, 30.
215:30 Vasishtha XXIII, 1.
215:33 Weber, Ind. Stud. X, 102; Kâtyâyana Srauta Sûtra I, 1, 15.
215:34 Taitt. Âranyaka II, r 8. The Âranyaka has, more appropriately, pranîya, 'having taken out,' before upasamâdhâya, 'may heap (fuel) upon.' The Dekhan and Gugarât MSS. insert the words 'amritam p. 216 vâ âgyam amritam evâtman dhatte,' which occur also in the Âranyaka, after the Mantra. According to Govinda parikeshtâ, 'preparatory rites,' refers to the consecration of the clarified butter, and so forth, The special rules regarding the Darvîhomas are given Kâtyâyana Srauta Sûtra VI, 10, 17 seq.
216:36 Vasishtha XV, 12-21. Govinda thinks that nirvisesham savanîyam kuryuh, 'they shall admit him to all sacrificial rites, making no difference,' may also be interpreted by 'they shall perform for him the sacraments just as for a new-born child.'
216:37 Colebrooke V, Dig. CCCXL.
217:38 The Mantras are found, Taittirîya Samhitâ III, 2, 5, 4.
217:39 Vasishtha XX, 7-8. The MSS. read parivittih parivettâ yas kainâm [nam] parivindati. But it is absolutely necessary to adopt either the various reading given Manu III, 172, yayâ ka parividyate, or to read yâ kainam parivindati.
217:40 The MSS. all read at the end of the verse, tristrirâtrena or dvistrirâtrena. The correct reading appears, however, to be strî trirâtrena; for Govinda says, yayâ saha parivettâ bhûtas [bhûttasya C. L, bhûtassâstri C. T.] tasyâs trirâtrenopavâsena suddhih, 'the purification of that female with whom he has become a parivettri takes place through three days, i.e. through fasting (three days).'